vamosa Your independent guide to studying,
working and living in the EU.

Compare 31 European destinations

Every Phase-1 indicator, side by side. Sort any column, filter by EU status, and open the methodology box for sources.

How to read this table

Don't sort by minimum wage alone. €977/month in Poland buys more than €957/month in Portugal because prices differ — the Affordability column compensates for that.
  • We replaced GDP/capita with AIC/capita and median net income. GDP/capita is heavily distorted in Luxembourg (commuter wages booked locally) and Ireland (multinational profit-shifting); AIC and median income reflect what households actually have.
  • Indices like ILGA Rainbow, MIPEX and Press Freedom measure law and policy. They tell you what's on paper — not what daily life feels like in a particular city, neighbourhood or community.

We will pair these indicators with editorial 'multiple-perspective' boxes — covering things like diaspora networks, taxation, low cost of living and LGBTI+ safety — that show two-sided pictures rather than a single ranking.

Showing 31 of 31

Methodology:
Austria EU
AT· Vienna
Affordability
—
Consumption/capita
117
Median income
€31,506
Minimum wage
—
Price level
117
Unemployment
5.0 %
Youth unemployment
10.0 %
English proficiency
620.0
Anti-corruption
67.0
LGBTI+ rights
47.3
Press freedom
80.0
Happiness
7.0
Migrant integration
46.0
Belgium EU
BE· Brussels
Affordability
1,832
Consumption/capita
111
Median income
€28,239
Minimum wage
€2,070
Price level
113
Unemployment
5.7 %
Youth unemployment
14.0 %
English proficiency
613.0
Anti-corruption
69.0
LGBTI+ rights
78.5
Press freedom
83.5
Happiness
6.9
Migrant integration
69.0
Bulgaria EU
BG· Sofia
Affordability
852
Consumption/capita
67
Median income
€5,463
Minimum wage
€477
Price level
56
Unemployment
4.6 %
Youth unemployment
13.0 %
English proficiency
575.0
Anti-corruption
43.0
LGBTI+ rights
17.7
Press freedom
70.0
Happiness
5.4
Migrant integration
40.0
Croatia EU
HR· Zagreb
Affordability
1,120
Consumption/capita
78
Median income
€10,562
Minimum wage
€840
Price level
75
Unemployment
5.4 %
Youth unemployment
14.5 %
English proficiency
600.0
Anti-corruption
47.0
LGBTI+ rights
48.0
Press freedom
70.0
Happiness
6.3
Migrant integration
41.0
Cyprus EU
CY· Nicosia
Affordability
—
Consumption/capita
93
Median income
€19,144
Minimum wage
—
Price level
95
Unemployment
5.3 %
Youth unemployment
14.0 %
English proficiency
570.0
Anti-corruption
56.0
LGBTI+ rights
38.9
Press freedom
70.0
Happiness
6.1
Migrant integration
41.0
Czechia EU
CZ· Prague
Affordability
858
Consumption/capita
84
Median income
€13,500
Minimum wage
€764
Price level
89
Unemployment
2.6 %
Youth unemployment
7.2 %
English proficiency
575.0
Anti-corruption
56.0
LGBTI+ rights
36.2
Press freedom
79.0
Happiness
6.8
Migrant integration
50.0
Denmark EU
DK· Copenhagen
Affordability
—
Consumption/capita
116
Median income
€32,706
Minimum wage
—
Price level
142
Unemployment
6.3 %
Youth unemployment
10.8 %
English proficiency
614.0
Anti-corruption
90.0
LGBTI+ rights
71.4
Press freedom
89.6
Happiness
7.5
Migrant integration
49.0
Estonia EU
EE· Tallinn
Affordability
911
Consumption/capita
78
Median income
€14,084
Minimum wage
€820
Price level
90
Unemployment
7.4 %
Youth unemployment
17.0 %
English proficiency
580.0
Anti-corruption
76.0
LGBTI+ rights
41.3
Press freedom
86.0
Happiness
6.4
Migrant integration
50.0
Finland EU
FI· Helsinki
Affordability
—
Consumption/capita
110
Median income
€27,495
Minimum wage
—
Price level
124
Unemployment
8.3 %
Youth unemployment
17.0 %
English proficiency
615.0
Anti-corruption
88.0
LGBTI+ rights
53.9
Press freedom
85.7
Happiness
7.7
Migrant integration
85.0
France EU
FR· Paris
Affordability
1,621
Consumption/capita
110
Median income
€25,068
Minimum wage
€1,767
Price level
109
Unemployment
7.4 %
Youth unemployment
17.5 %
English proficiency
530.0
Anti-corruption
67.0
LGBTI+ rights
62.7
Press freedom
78.7
Happiness
6.6
Migrant integration
56.0
Germany EU
DE· Berlin
Affordability
1,884
Consumption/capita
117
Median income
€27,975
Minimum wage
€2,054
Price level
109
Unemployment
3.5 %
Youth unemployment
6.8 %
English proficiency
600.0
Anti-corruption
75.0
LGBTI+ rights
56.6
Press freedom
84.0
Happiness
6.7
Migrant integration
58.0
Greece EU
GR· Athens
Affordability
1,046
Consumption/capita
78
Median income
€10,490
Minimum wage
€910
Price level
87
Unemployment
10.0 %
Youth unemployment
22.0 %
English proficiency
570.0
Anti-corruption
49.0
LGBTI+ rights
57.4
Press freedom
57.0
Happiness
5.8
Migrant integration
46.0
Hungary EU
HU· Budapest
Affordability
982
Consumption/capita
71
Median income
€7,406
Minimum wage
€697
Price level
71
Unemployment
4.5 %
Youth unemployment
9.6 %
English proficiency
595.0
Anti-corruption
41.0
LGBTI+ rights
31.6
Press freedom
64.0
Happiness
6.0
Migrant integration
43.0
Iceland EEA
IS· Reykjavík
Affordability
—
Consumption/capita
132
Median income
€28,000
Minimum wage
—
Price level
156
Unemployment
3.7 %
Youth unemployment
9.0 %
English proficiency
635.0
Anti-corruption
75.0
LGBTI+ rights
84.1
Press freedom
85.0
Happiness
7.5
Migrant integration
53.0
Ireland EU
IE· Dublin
Affordability
1,511
Consumption/capita
100
Median income
€28,512
Minimum wage
€2,146
Price level
142
Unemployment
4.4 %
Youth unemployment
10.5 %
English proficiency
—
Anti-corruption
71.0
LGBTI+ rights
55.1
Press freedom
88.0
Happiness
6.8
Migrant integration
64.0
Italy EU
IT· Rome
Affordability
—
Consumption/capita
99
Median income
€21,433
Minimum wage
—
Price level
99
Unemployment
6.8 %
Youth unemployment
22.0 %
English proficiency
530.0
Anti-corruption
54.0
LGBTI+ rights
28.1
Press freedom
70.0
Happiness
6.3
Migrant integration
58.0
Latvia EU
LV· Riga
Affordability
805
Consumption/capita
75
Median income
€10,128
Minimum wage
€700
Price level
87
Unemployment
6.9 %
Youth unemployment
14.0 %
English proficiency
580.0
Anti-corruption
60.0
LGBTI+ rights
22.6
Press freedom
80.0
Happiness
6.2
Migrant integration
37.0
Lithuania EU
LT· Vilnius
Affordability
1,100
Consumption/capita
92
Median income
€10,553
Minimum wage
€924
Price level
84
Unemployment
6.7 %
Youth unemployment
12.7 %
English proficiency
590.0
Anti-corruption
63.0
LGBTI+ rights
22.8
Press freedom
81.0
Happiness
6.8
Migrant integration
37.0
Luxembourg EU
LU· Luxembourg
Affordability
1,947
Consumption/capita
134
Median income
€36,076
Minimum wage
€2,570
Price level
132
Unemployment
5.7 %
Youth unemployment
16.0 %
English proficiency
—
Anti-corruption
81.0
LGBTI+ rights
62.1
Press freedom
87.5
Happiness
7.1
Migrant integration
64.0
Malta EU
MT· Valletta
Affordability
1,039
Consumption/capita
94
Median income
€19,432
Minimum wage
€925
Price level
89
Unemployment
3.0 %
Youth unemployment
9.0 %
English proficiency
—
Anti-corruption
51.0
LGBTI+ rights
88.8
Press freedom
70.0
Happiness
6.3
Migrant integration
48.0
Netherlands EU
NL· Amsterdam
Affordability
1,784
Consumption/capita
118
Median income
€28,506
Minimum wage
€2,070
Price level
116
Unemployment
3.6 %
Youth unemployment
9.5 %
English proficiency
636.0
Anti-corruption
78.0
LGBTI+ rights
67.5
Press freedom
87.7
Happiness
7.3
Migrant integration
57.0
Norway EEA
NO· Oslo
Affordability
—
Consumption/capita
125
Median income
€32,500
Minimum wage
—
Price level
134
Unemployment
3.8 %
Youth unemployment
10.5 %
English proficiency
620.0
Anti-corruption
81.0
LGBTI+ rights
70.9
Press freedom
91.9
Happiness
7.3
Migrant integration
73.0
Poland EU
PL· Warsaw
Affordability
1,458
Consumption/capita
86
Median income
€9,098
Minimum wage
€977
Price level
67
Unemployment
2.9 %
Youth unemployment
12.5 %
English proficiency
595.0
Anti-corruption
53.0
LGBTI+ rights
17.5
Press freedom
70.0
Happiness
6.5
Migrant integration
40.0
Portugal EU
PT· Lisbon
Affordability
1,052
Consumption/capita
85
Median income
€13,108
Minimum wage
€957
Price level
91
Unemployment
6.5 %
Youth unemployment
19.0 %
English proficiency
590.0
Anti-corruption
57.0
LGBTI+ rights
60.8
Press freedom
83.5
Happiness
6.0
Migrant integration
81.0
Romania EU
RO· Bucharest
Affordability
1,238
Consumption/capita
88
Median income
€5,633
Minimum wage
€743
Price level
60
Unemployment
5.4 %
Youth unemployment
21.5 %
English proficiency
600.0
Anti-corruption
46.0
LGBTI+ rights
18.4
Press freedom
71.0
Happiness
6.5
Migrant integration
49.0
Slovakia EU
SK· Bratislava
Affordability
893
Consumption/capita
75
Median income
€9,396
Minimum wage
€750
Price level
84
Unemployment
5.8 %
Youth unemployment
17.0 %
English proficiency
570.0
Anti-corruption
53.0
LGBTI+ rights
23.2
Press freedom
67.0
Happiness
6.0
Migrant integration
39.0
Slovenia EU
SI· Ljubljana
Affordability
1,441
Consumption/capita
87
Median income
€17,553
Minimum wage
€1,254
Price level
87
Unemployment
3.7 %
Youth unemployment
10.0 %
English proficiency
605.0
Anti-corruption
56.0
LGBTI+ rights
50.2
Press freedom
80.7
Happiness
6.6
Migrant integration
48.0
Spain EU
ES· Madrid
Affordability
1,423
Consumption/capita
90
Median income
€17,389
Minimum wage
€1,323
Price level
93
Unemployment
11.2 %
Youth unemployment
26.5 %
English proficiency
545.0
Anti-corruption
56.0
LGBTI+ rights
78.1
Press freedom
78.0
Happiness
6.4
Migrant integration
60.0
Sweden EU
SE· Stockholm
Affordability
—
Consumption/capita
109
Median income
€28,168
Minimum wage
—
Price level
122
Unemployment
8.4 %
Youth unemployment
22.0 %
English proficiency
625.0
Anti-corruption
80.0
LGBTI+ rights
64.3
Press freedom
88.3
Happiness
7.4
Migrant integration
86.0
Switzerland EFTA
CH· Bern
Affordability
—
Consumption/capita
134
Median income
€45,000
Minimum wage
—
Price level
174
Unemployment
4.2 %
Youth unemployment
7.5 %
English proficiency
570.0
Anti-corruption
81.0
LGBTI+ rights
47.0
Press freedom
83.0
Happiness
7.1
Migrant integration
50.0
United Kingdom Non-EU
GB· London
Affordability
1,400
Consumption/capita
113
Median income
€25,400
Minimum wage
€1,750
Price level
125
Unemployment
4.2 %
Youth unemployment
13.5 %
English proficiency
—
Anti-corruption
71.0
LGBTI+ rights
46.2
Press freedom
76.0
Happiness
6.7
Migrant integration
56.0